You can enable Store Presets with Catalog to allow multiple instances of the same Preset to have different information. This wouldn’t work if you were creating new presets and wanted them shared across your catalogs, though.
You can edit the preset file in a text editor to change the path if you need something the Export panel doesn’t allow you to define, easily.
If you stored your exported images UNDER your master photo folder instead of as a peer to it, then you could use relative paths and not bother with a preset.